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From drain to sea

Wastewater treatment involves chemical and biological processes that turn raw sewage into environmentally-friendly water.

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Wastewater treatment process
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Screening

When wastewater arrives at our treatment works it is passed through multiple screens. The first set gets rid of large solids like wipes, sanitary towels, socks and other items that shouldn’t really have found themselves in the sewer. The second screen removes smaller solids like grit which is washed into the sewer from roads.
Just flush the 3Ps!
Waste water treatment settling phase
Wastewater treatment process
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Settling

After screening, wastewater is held in huge tanks where the remaining solids (called sludge) separate and fall to the bottom of the tank. The cleaner water at the top of the tank then passes onto the next stage of treatment.
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Wastewater treatment process
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Aeration

At this stage, oxygen is added. Good bacteria inside the wastewater use the oxygen to break down harmful compounds, like ammonia and nitrites, into nitrates. Later on, nitrates are then converted into nitrogen and released into the air. On some sites, this process is assisted by adding bio-beads into the sewerage. These give the good bacteria a surface to live on.
Nurdles and bio-beads
Waste water treatment settling phase
Wastewater treatment process
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Further settling

Once all the harmful substances are removed, the wastewater is left to settle again much like at the first stage. The clean water is then released into rivers.
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Wastewater treatment process
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Released into the environment

The quality of treated wastewater is closely monitored throughout the process. By the time it’s released into the environment, it will have no negative impact on the rivers or sea.

What do we do with sludge?

Sludge is the by-product of our treatment processes, and we use it to create a bioresource which is then safely recycled and used as fertiliser on farms across the region.

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What about storm overflows?

When a treatment works or pumping station is treating or pumping as much wastewater as it can, any excess flows into storm tanks. These tanks store the wastewater until the flow reduces.

Storm overflows happen when storm tanks fill up so quickly that they literally start to overflow. Wastewater spills over directly into rivers or the sea before it has chance to get treated.

We are working hard to reduce the amount of times overflows happen. By 2025, we'll get them down to an average of 20 per year per location, and by 2030 we'll get storm overflows that impact the quality of bathing waters, down to no more than 10 spills per year.

More about storm overflows

We know that as a water company, we have a big part to play in improving our network and reducing the number of discharges. We also know there's lots more work to do.

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We rely on you to only flush pee, paper and poo

Most of your sewers are only 15cm wide. They are perfectly designed to transport all wastewater, pee, poo, and toilet paper. But unfortunately, these aren’t the only things we find down there…

We rely on you to only flush pee, paper and poo image